garnet

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Diagonally set marquise garnet ring

Group:  Garnet
Mohs Hardness:  6.5 to 7.5 out of 10
Color:  Nearly all colors
RI:  1.714 to 1.888
Birefringence:  None
SR/DR/AGG:  SR, often with ADR
Pleochroism:  None
SG:  2.72 (+0.18 / -0.05)

garnet facts

Matched bee brooches set with a cluster of pyrope garnets

Garnets occur in various colors including red, orange and green.
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A garnet bead necklace, that was found in an Egyptian grave, is dated to 3800 B.C.

Most red garnets, while beautiful, are not terribly valuable due to their relative abundance.  Green tsavorite garnets, however, can be much more expensive, especially in larger sizes.
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​Garnet is a January birthstone and is the 2nd wedding anniversary gemstone.
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Photo courtesy of Sotheby's

garnet varieties

almandine

Almandine garnet three stone ring

Color
Generally dark toned brownish orange to brownish red to purplish red, with low saturation.

Magnification
Needle-like inclusions that intersect at 70° and 110° in the same plane.  High- and low-relief crystals.  Zircon crystals with strain halos.

Spectrum
3 strong bands in the green and yellow at 505, 527 & 575nm

Fluorescence
​Inert

spessartine

Spessartine garnet and diamond ring

​Color
Orange, brownish orange, yellowish orange or red orange.  Always has an orange component and never shows any purple.

Magnification
2-phase inclusions, feather-like liquid inclusions, needle-like inclusions

Spectrum
Bands at 412, 424 & 432nm, which sometimes merge to form a cutoff.  Bands at 505, 527 & 575nm.

Fluorescence
Inert

pyrope

Matched bee brooches set with a cluster of pyrope garnets

Color
Medium to dark reddish orange, red through slightly purplish red to pale pink

Magnification
Needle-like inclusions and irregular rounded crystals.

Spectrum
Chrome Pyrope:  Band at 505nm plus broad absorption at 520 through 620nm.  Possibly fine lines in the red at 685 & 687nm.  Cutoff around 490nm.  None Chrome Pyrope:  Only the 505nm band and a cutoff at 490nm.

Fluorescence
​Inert

rhodolite

Rhodolite garnet twin stone bypass ring

Color
Must have a purplish component

Magnification
Needle-like inclusions that intersect at 70° and 110° in the same plane.  High- and low-relief crystals.  Zircon crystals with strain halos.

Spectrum
3 strong bands in the green and yellow at 505, 527 & 575nm

Fluorescence
​Inert

demantoid
​(andradite)

Photo courtesy of Gems by Nomads

Color
Green through yellow green, with strong fire

Magnification
Yellowish brown, curving, radiating "horse tail" inclusions

Spectrum
Yellowish Green Stones:  Dark band at 443nm.  Rich Green Stones:  Cutoff below 443nm and fine lines at 620, 632, 693 & 700nm.

Fluorescence
​Inert

tsavorite
​(grossularite)

Photo courtesy of King Stone Gems

Color
Medium to dark green, to yellowish green

Magnification
Partially healed fractures, fingerprints or small graphite platelets

Spectrum
Not diagnostic

Fluorescence
​Near colorless to light green stones are inert to weak orange under LW, weak yellow-orange under SW.

hessonite
​(grossularite)

Photo courtesy of Watchlink

Color
Medium to dark orange, to brownish orange

Magnification
Hessonite is known for its "heat wave" or "scotch in water" effect

Spectrum
Not diagnostic

Fluorescence
​Yellow stones are inert to weak orange under LW and SW

hydrogrossular

Hydrogrossular garnet is often mistaken for jade

Color
​Pink or green, often brownish pink.

Magnification
Might have black, peppery looking inclusions

Spectrum
Usually shows a cutoff at 460nm

Fluorescence
Inert

uvarovite

Photo courtesy of Gemstone Buzz

Color
​Light to dark green through yellow-green to brownish green

Magnification
Not diagnostic.  Crystals are usually too small to facet.

Spectrum
Not diagnostic

Fluorescence
Not diagnostic

All photos courtesy of Scott Papper, GIA GG, AJP, CMA (NAJA)